What are Permitted Development rights?
Permitted Development (PD) rights are a form of pre-granted planning permission from the government. They allow homeowners to carry out certain works — extensions, loft conversions, outbuildings, and more — without needing a formal planning application. They apply in England (Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland have their own versions) and are subject to specific rules about size, location, and design.
What can you do under Permitted Development?
Common works that fall under PD include: single-storey rear extensions up to 4m deep (detached) or 3m deep (other houses) under standard PD, or up to 8m/6m under the Larger Home Extension Scheme; loft conversions adding up to 40m³ (semi/terrace) or 50m³ (detached); outbuildings in the rear garden up to 4m high (with a pitched roof); and new windows and doors (subject to appearance conditions).
Limits and conditions
PD rights come with conditions. Extensions cannot cover more than 50% of the total land area around the original house. They must not be forward of the principal elevation. Materials should be similar in appearance to the existing house. In conservation areas, Article 4 directions, Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and National Parks, PD rights may be significantly reduced or removed entirely.
Prior Approval vs full planning
Some PD works require Prior Approval from your local planning authority before you can proceed — including the Larger Home Extension Scheme (extensions between 4–8m) and changes of use. This is simpler than a full planning application but must be confirmed before work starts. Your builder or architect can advise which applies to your project.
How to confirm PD applies to your project
The most reliable approach is to apply for a Lawful Development Certificate (LDC) from your council. This costs around £103 and gives you a legal document confirming the work is permitted. If you sell your house, buyers' solicitors often ask for this. Do not skip it because a builder tells you it is fine — get it in writing.